How to Treat Alopecia in Dogs

Alopecia is a common condition in dogs that leads to patchy hair loss, full-body shedding, or coat thinning in specific areas. This can result from various underlying causes, including allergies, hormonal imbalances, genetics, and even stress and anxiety. 

Today we’re going to delve into the common causes of alopecia in dogs and explore which breeds are most susceptible to this condition. We’ll also examine the most effective treatment options, including the best products for pet owners and groomers to use to support healthy skin and coat.

Causes of Alopecia in Dogs

Alopecia in dogs can result from various underlying issues, and recognizing the cause of hair loss is essential for choosing the most effective treatment. Let’s take a look at some of the most common causes of alopecia in dogs:

Some dog breeds, such as Dachshunds and Greyhounds, are genetically prone to pattern baldness (follicular dysplasia) in specific areas like the chest, belly, or thighs. Other breeds, like the Chinese Crested and Mexican Hairless, have congenital alopecia, meaning they’re born with hereditary hair loss.

A careful balance of hormonal signals is required to produce normal hair growth, and medical conditions that cause hormonal imbalances can lead to alopecia. The two most notable are hypothyroidism, which causes dry skin and hair thinning, and Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism), which also leads to hair loss and a thin coat.

Mites, such as those responsible for demodectic and sarcoptic mange, can cause significant hair loss and itching. Fungal infections, like ringworm, can also result in patchy hair loss, with affected areas appearing red, scaly, and sometimes causing itchy skin in dogs. 

Allergies to food or environmental triggers often cause itchy, inflamed skin and hair loss in dogs. Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), in particular, can result in severe localized hair loss due to constant scratching and biting.

Anxiety, stress, and boredom can lead to excessive licking, chewing, or biting, causing hair to fall out in affected areas. Tackling this behavior-based hair loss often requires addressing both the physical symptoms and the underlying emotional cause.

Optimum hair health relies on a diet carefully balanced in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, and any deficiency in these nutrients can lead to dull, thinning fur.

Some dog breeds are more prone to alopecia than others.

Common Breeds Affected by Alopecia

Certain dog breeds are more prone to alopecia due to genetic factors, hormonal issues, or skin sensitivities. Breeds with genetic alopecia, like the Chinese Crested and Xoloitzcuintli, naturally have very sparse fur due to hereditary traits. Hormonal alopecia frequently affects Dachshunds, Pomeranians, and Siberian Huskies, and breeds with sensitive skin, such as Bulldogs and Boxers, are at a higher risk of parasite-related alopecia. 

Symptoms of Alopecia in Dogs

In the initial stages, mild alopecia in dogs can easily be missed, particularly when the only symptom is subtle thinning of the hair. Over time, this thinning can become more obvious, and patchy hair loss and bald spots may appear. This may be accompanied by visible skin irritation or redness, signaling that the underlying issue may be causing discomfort.

Depending on the underlying cause, some dogs with alopecia will also exhibit excessive scratching or licking, especially if their hair loss is due to allergies or parasites. Other signs of alopecia in dogs include dry, flaky, or inflamed skin, which can worsen as the condition progresses. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial, particularly if you notice your dog losing hair, as rapid treatment increases the chances of restoring your dog’s coat to its full natural glory.

Diagnosis of Alopecia in Dogs

Diagnosing alopecia in dogs begins with a thorough veterinary examination, where your veterinarian will physically inspect the affected areas and make a note of the pattern of hair loss. They will also review your dog’s full medical history, including diet, known allergies, and stress levels, to try and identify a trigger for hair loss.

To pinpoint the specific cause of alopecia in dogs, diagnostic tests are often necessary. Skin scrapings or biopsies help rule out parasites, fungal infections, and other skin conditions, while blood tests are used to detect hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease. Allergy testing may also be performed to identify any environmental or food allergies contributing to the hair loss.

How to Treat Alopecia in Dogs

Skin conditions in dogs can be very complex to treat, and treating alopecia in dogs often involves a multifaceted approach that targets the underlying cause of hair loss as well as the management of the symptoms. It is also important to remember that some forms of alopecia, particularly those with a genetic or hereditary basis, cannot be treated.

Before and after one of our customers using the Oats line on alopecia.

Treating the Underlying Cause

This is the single most important step in treating alopecia in dogs. Without addressing the underlying cause, symptomatic treatment will only provide temporary relief. Depending on the medical condition causing your dog’s hair loss, one or more of the following medications may be prescribed:

• For cases involving parasites, anti-parasitic medications are essential to eliminate mites, fleas, or other pests causing irritation and hair loss.
• Hormonal imbalances can be managed with specific medications that regulate hormone levels and reduce symptoms.
• When allergies are the culprit, a hypoallergenic diet, antihistamines, or steroids can provide relief and prevent further irritation.

Topical Treatments

Whilst the underlying cause is being addressed, topical treatments can help soothe irritated skin and encourage hair regrowth. Medicated shampoos and ointments can reduce inflammation, clear up infections, and support healthier skin, while moisturizers prevent dryness and reduce the discomfort associated with hair loss.

Behavioral Treatments

In cases where stress or behavioral factors contribute to alopecia, calming supplements, interactive toys, and regular exercise and enrichment can help reduce boredom and anxiety and prevent excessive licking or chewing. Anti-lick sprays or protective collars can deter dogs from irritating the affected areas, helping to soothe inflammation and give the skin time to heal.

Recommended Products for Treating Alopecia in Dogs

Selecting the right products is crucial for effectively managing alopecia and promoting healthy skin and coat in dogs. Your veterinarian may prescribe specific medications to treat conditions such as hormonal imbalances or anxiety, which can be used in conjunction with the following products to soothe inflammation and promote hair regrowth.

If your dog has alopecia as a result of a fungal or bacterial infection, your veterinarian may recommend using a medicated shampoo to eliminate pathogens and soothe affected areas. For dogs with sensitive or irritated skin, shampoo and conditioner containing colloidal oatmeal, such as Doglyness’s Oats Calming Line, can provide gentle relief and reduce itching and inflammation.

Nutritional supplements play a significant role in supporting coat health and managing alopecia. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids help maintain a healthy, shiny coat, while Vitamin E and biotin nourish the skin, reducing dryness and flakiness.

Effective flea control is critical in managing parasite-related alopecia, but it is vital to always consult with your veterinarian first to ensure the treatment is safe and effective. 

Preventing Alopecia in Dogs

When alopecia is symptomatic of a medical condition, prevention is difficult without treating the underlying cause. However, regular grooming and bathing will keep the coat healthy and free from debris that can irritate the skin, and feeding a balanced, nutrient-rich diet supports optimum coat and skin health. In addition, ensure you maintain a consistent routine of flea and parasite control, and attend regular veterinary check-ups to ensure any health issues are detected promptly.

A Holistic Approach to Alopecia Care

Alopecia in dogs not only affects their appearance but can also lead to long-term discomfort and suffering. Effective management of chronic hair loss in dogs begins with identifying and treating any underlying causes, along with symptomatic care to ease inflammation and promote strong hair regrowth. Although hair loss may be mistakenly regarded as a cosmetic problem, it is essential to seek veterinary advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

By prioritizing your dog’s coat care regime, along with a balanced diet and regular parasite control, you can help maintain your dog’s skin and coat health and minimize the effects of alopecia. Regular grooming and the use of high-quality coat care products, like those produced here at Doglyness, will boost your efforts to keep your dog comfortable, healthy, and looking their best.